Toponymy
[edit ]
The word ' Huauchinango' is derived from the Nahuatl word Cuauchinanco which in turn comes from the root cuautli: tree chinamitli: wall and co: in, what is interpreted as "The Wall of Trees." It is a representation of speech if Xicotepec Nahuatl: Nahuatl name origin which means "The Hill of the Xicot" some translate it as author "In the Belly of the Hill." This will likely be true phonetically speaking, but if we draw the glyph that appears in the codex Xicotepec, [Necaxa]] means "Water that does not diminish or loose." And this comes from the Nahuatl "nemi" which means "inhabitants of the bowl of water, residents of the concavity of the river" By taking advantage of the ravine orquedad, Necaxa dam was built in 1900, being buried beneath the waters the original village. Next to the dam was built a new town called * necaxatepetl * regards Necaxa on the hill. and Nuevo Necaxa Canaditas in Yuancuitlalpan land belonging to Huauchinango.
History [edit ]
The Huauchinango today occurs from prehispanic settlement Cuauchinanco called, meaning "in the wall of trees " or "place of forests." The first settlers were from chichimeca were established between 1116 and 1121, when orders his son Xolotl Nopaltzin find a place to establish your own empire settlements on the fringe of the river Texcapalapa today River Texcapa , which surrounds this population.
Given the quantity and quality of natural resources that account is in the middle of the fifteenth century, the peoples of this region was conquered by the Mexica with which the domain chichimeca tax was reduced to the triple alliance . By this time, the only vestige Huauchinango palpable, are the four artificial Cerritos, located in the colony the hill and the stone of sacrifice that is currently in the sacristy of the Augustinian convent in the city . The domain of Mexica continued until the fall of the great Tenochtitlan ( 1521).
In the year 1527 Hernan Cortes conquered Cuauchinanco commissioned Don Alonso de Villanueva . With the arrival of the English make a divulsion the center of the population in four districts that to date there:
- Santiago: place of residence of the first 333 English
- San Juan: Mestizo district.
In 1527 , Huauchinango becomes part of the archdiocese of Mexico City. In 1543, it is, the convent of San Agustin , with the arrival of the Augustinian friars, Friar Juan Bautista de Moya was the first manager of the convent, whose style tends to churrigueresco. The sacrificial stone which is now in the sacristy of the Augustinian convent in the city.
From 1646 listed as Mayor of the hearing of Mexico City and had jurisdiction to the shores of the Gulf . In 1766 construction began on the parish church of "the holy burial." In 1766 he joined janitors in Puebla.
To 1616 Huauchinango district becomes part of the Department of Tulancingo.
Between 1812 and 1821 the presence of insurgent detachments caused considerable excitement military political struggle in the population center.
The January 17 1661 of the game Huauchinango is upgraded to a district.
In 1635 built the first municipal building with the name of national houses.
The 27 July 1851 of , Huauchiango reaches the rank of city with local Congress granted the title with the name "Huauchinango of slain" in honor of the martyr to reform, General Santos (slain).
During the era of President Johnson (1866 ) is constructed the current building City Hall before Porfiriato, Huauchinango recorded a bonanza for being a transit area between Gulf ports and Mexico City, through the trade conducted mainly by herdsmen in paths.
During this time of Porfirio Diaz, the urban face of Huauchinago undergoes a substantial change to be a very important series of works and services in the city.
In 1877 installed gas street lighting in the center of the city. 1869 To start the construction of the municipal cemetery. In the year 1895 establishing the telegraph service. In 1943 federal highway opens 130 Mexico-Tuxpan.
In 1947 Catalina was built in the office of the superintendent of Poza Rica oil-Atzcapotzalco-Salamanca and the Poza Rica-Mexico pipeline, causing spillover effect in the region. In 1948 establishing phone service with long distance service.
The July 26 1949 of the school opens "Ing Carlos I. Betancourt 'in the eastern part of the city. The August 16 1952 of is building the first municipal slaughterhouse. On 16 August 1953 municipal market opens.
The municipality is located in the northeastern part of State of Puebla. Borders to the north with the municipalities of Xicotepec of Juarez and Juan Galindo (Necaxa), south and Zacatlan Ahuazotepec, west to Juan Galindo and Tlaola, west to Naupan, Ahuazotepec and the State of Hidalgo.
Since 1938 annually celebrates the "Festival of Flowers", although in previous years flower shows were organized in private homes, taking turns each year. The festivities last for nine days and begin on the eve of the first Sunday of Lent in honor of the Patron Saint of Huauchinango "The Lord Jesus in Santo Entierro." This celebration has evolved over the years, originally was a party provincial in which organized dances, cockfights, rodeos, parades of floats, the event "La India Bonita" (Xochiquetzalli), floral carpets and processions with the image the Patron Saint. In this framework exhibit varieties of azaleas, ornamental plants and flowers, regional crafts, foodstuffs of the region packed by hand, modern dance groups are active and traditional dances such as "The Acatlaxques", "The Fans", "The Charros, "" The Chinelos "and" Flying ", among others. It also prints a more colorful the fireworks, the Village Theatre, triplets and sports tournaments, etc.
One of the important ceremony is the crowning of the Queen of Flowers usually chaired by the Governor of the State, which offers the opportunity to observe a great expression of regional culture. This tradition began in 1942 with the crowning of Miss Laura Oropeza, chaired by state governor in turn, C. Gonzalo Sánchez Bautista, which led to the l ° to 8 March of that year, Huauchinango was declared the state capital.
Heraldry [edit ]
"The town asked the King of Spain Coat of Arms as central effigy was an ocelot (ocelotl), but as there did not know this animal, were awarded the shield with the lion of Castile, "which consists of a gold lion rampant, Blazon Carlos V, symbolizing strength, power and honor or field background is black.
The glyph represents a giant tree leafy branches, divided into three parts, which means life. The foot trunk is crossed by a border or fabric. The edges represent the cultivated land. According to this border shows Nahuatl meaning a cultivated field and a series of five houses that represent a community. At each end of valance is a pregnant kills ear which means the lush crop of corn.
Geography [edit ]
It is located at km 162 of the Mexico-Tuxpan highway, about 2 h of Mexico City, Mexico , Federal District, between parallels 20 º 10 '51 north latitude and 98 º 02' 58 west of Greenwich , located in the northern part of the state of Puebla, and part of the Sierra Madre Oriental, has an altitude of 1490 meters .
With abundant rivers and streams that descend from the mountains of the Sierra, and coarse aquifers that contribute to vessel Necaxa dam basins are three areas, but in recent years have been affected in its level by the lack of rain in the region.
Its area is 207 km ² , representing 0.61 percent of the state territory.
Terrain [edit ]
the county seat, is located at km 163 of the Mexico-Tuxpan, via pyramids nestled in the Sierra northern Puebla, and part of the Sierra Madre Oriental that runs in the north of the state, from Huauchinango to Teziutlán , bordering the coastal plain of Gulf of Mexico . This mountain is known for its ruggedness, its waterfalls and deep depressions. Its altitude ranges between 1,000 and 3,000 m .
The municipality has its highest altitude in the southwest, with more than 2,400 meters and decreases due to dams and Tenango Necaxa, reaching about 1,000 meters .
In the municipal average altitude is 1,520 meters. Surrounded by hills and the Cojuinalayola, Osamatepetl and Zempoaltepetl, Zempoala or Tlachico to 2,480 meters, alternating a variety of reliefs where mountain vegetation reaches its maximum expression. Consequently, the development of the city is presented on a very rugged topography and rich vegetation.
Hydrography [edit ]
HuauchinangoThe city lies within the river basin Cazones (river) , which in turn is part of Hydrological Region No. 27 "Tuxpan, Nautla", belonging to the Gulf side . Of importance to the center of the population are permanent streams, the Nexcapalapa or Necaxa River, which passes next to the city from west to east Texcapa river that runs through the northern part of the same and the River "Shorty" to Southwest. The hydrology of the center of town is enriched by the deposits of springs, favorable geology allows for infiltration of rainwater resulting in groundwater, 1.5 m deep, including "The Tenexac", "El Potro "and the former colony located in the oil.
River Necaxa Nexcapalapa or born with the name of Totolapa, Huauchinango south, runs through steep mountains across the municipality to the southwest, northwest and plunges to the bottom of deep ravines forming waterfalls of Salto Chico and Salto Grande, harnessed to generate electricity. On passing through dams Tenango and Necaxa (last in the territory of Juan Galindo), feeding with its water, collect the flow of small tributaries and streams as Texcapa, Chapultepec, La Malva, Hayatlaco, Two Bridges, Xoctongo, Mazontla , Cuacuila, etc., that bathe the city in all directions. Later Necaxa River continues touring the mountains, crossing the territory of Veracruz and the name of Tecolutla leads to the bar of the same name in the Gulf of Mexico . North of the town runs the river Naupan, a tributary of San Marcos, which originates in the Sierra de Pahuatlán and Cazones name flows into the Gulf. Among Naupan and Necaxa, crosses the river north of town Alseseca, that on leaving the same hiding among rocks and mountains.
Weather [edit ]
geographical location, diversity of heights and natural areas have conferred Huauchinango climatic condition of the most diverse in the country .
The cold earth lies between 1,500 and 2,000 meters and tempered between 700 and 1,500 m .
climates can be identified as warm, cold temperate and semi. In spring, the thermometer recorded a temperature of 26 ° C, which in May reached 38 ° C. At the beginning of summer is the rainy season sets, where the temperature drops to 30 ° C. In autumn, the cold weather worsens and register 16 ° C, but the harshest cold season starts in November and lasts until February , this will come to see temperatures of 0 ° C.
On the other hand, has an average annual rainfall of 801 mm . According
to data from INEGI, vegetation covers 61 percent of the municipal territory and the forest by 27 percent of this surface.
Natural Resources [edit ]
has pine forests, pine and oak forests, there are trout hatcheries Teopancingo , Papatlazolco and carp Tenango dams and Nexapa .
Major ecosystems [edit ]
Flora [edit ]
Due to the natural conditions of the mountainous region, has developed a luxuriant plant morphology consisting of various species. Presents predominantly woodland, mainly pine trees (real and white), oak, fir, pine, mountain cloud forests and evergreen forest high, usually in isolated associations. Also growing areas, the main flowers (azaleas , orchids, calla , Good night, camellias, hydrangea, lilies, pineaceas, cacti, etc.), the serrano chile, apple, plum , peanut, corn , bean, cabbage, pumpkin , arrears, blue berry, etc.
Fauna [edit ]
There are birds like coots, ducks , chachalaca , dove , cardinals, orioles , carpenters, trumpets, hummingbird, Dominicans, sparrows, finches, swallows , springs, partridges, parrots Papan and ; this fauna is complemented by gophers, snakes, opossums, armadillos , among others. Endangered species are still: raccoon, badger, fox, coyote , marto , hawk, real mole, squirrel and rabbit wild.
Population [edit ]
Demographics [edit ]
Count According to the National Population and Housing Census 2000 from INEGI, the municipality has 83.537 inhabitants, of which 39.970 are men and 43.567 are women, with a population density of 519.67 inhab. / km ² and an annual growth rate of 2.13 percent. Represents 1.64 percent of total state population. It is estimated that by 2010 years in a population of 90.690 inhabitants, so it will population density of 564.17 inhabitants per km ².
The municipality records an average of marginalization of -0,382, which is considered medium; so the site is located at 185 with respect to the other municipalities of the state and 1.528 in place nationally, in the same concept.
De 1980 to date, the number of settlements has increased at a rapid pace and in many cases already have problems providing services in the header.
Ethnic [edit ]
The dominant indigenous language ' to the Nahuatl, with 16,345 speakers, but also speak Totonac and Otomi.
Media [edit ]
exist in the municipal services of mail, telegraph , phone, cellular and messaging, the signal is received TV networks, at the top there is also the view cable service and a local cable channel. It also has a local radio station AM (XENG), have offices FM radio frequencies, "La Poderosa" and "Fiesta Mexicana", likewise moving major newspapers and magazines, national and state.
communication pathways [edit ]
Federal Highway Mexico - Tuxpan communicated to the Central Plateau to the Gulf of Mexico, as well as institutions of Puebla, Hidalgo Mexico and Veracruz. Northbound Xicotepec communicates with Juarez, Tuxpan and Poza Rica. At the height of the dam of El Tejocotal is a third-order path through 17 km, leading to the town of Naupan. Currently the Super Highway (toll) that runs from Mexico City and reaches the junction with the road that leads to the City of Puebla, but soon you can get to Tuxpan.
Huauchinango communicates with Puebla, Tlaxcala across the state at a distance of 180.2 km linking it to the south with Zacatlán Municipalities and Chignahuapan . Have also begun work on the superhighway to Apizaco Tejocotal .
Through current infrastructure, there is a mean vehicular flow in both directions, up to 8.000 units per day in high season or so.
The rest of the town is connected by means of roads paved and lined, as well as dirt roads and gaps.
Tourism [edit ]
strikinggreat potential in natural resources: rivers, dams, waterfalls, forests, mountains and cliffs. Within the culture of ancient dances are attractive, the rites, customs and cuisine .
can enjoy a different weekend with ecotourism activities, such as kayaks , mountain bike, race cross country, who represent an adventure for young people enabling them to squander the adrenaline . Adults, meanwhile, can enjoy the great variety of plants and flowers that are sold in markets Tenango, Las Colonias and private nurseries that are on the go. Crafts and traditional food like often attract locals and visitors. Part of the Dam "Necaxa" belongs to the municipality , where different bus stops are located with panoramic views where you can admire the natural landscape. In the municipal there are 11 hotels and several restaurants.
Among the tourist attractions, routes towards the hill of Zempoala , dams Necaxa, Tenango and Nexapa, represent a challenge for hiking, mountain biking, abseiling and camping, among others. In these places you can practice extreme sports and adventure tourism, as well as you can see the nursery plants and flowers, descend to visit the power plant of Tepexi , choose a place of recreation along the tree Tizoc , go trout hatcheries Teopancingo, Papatlazolco or Recreation Center "The Trout ." It is also interesting to walk the path that leads to Stone Valley Encimadas and enter contact with the traditions and customs of the highlanders of these picturesque towns, himself, through an exciting journey, it is worth moving to Cuaxicala to know the "Codex Xicotepec, which represents a sequence of 102-year history of town where he spoke Totonac and Nahua .
rites and customs in the mountains evoke a reunion between the pagan, ancient and mystical of our beliefs, it causes a certain charm and excitement coexist with those who practice healing rituals, they use chiropractic skills or are served of herbs to propose a remedy, and in several surrounding villages. Another concern relates to the rite of "fire new" to mark the end of the year Azteca the March 12 in Nopala .
Culture [edit ]
Crafts [edit ]
is common find blouses embroidered with padding and hard stitch, loom pedal strap or belts and skirts are made of mess, also made spoons wood, chairs, tables, storage, banking, and spatulas roller. In addition to the above arrangements are designed with ornamental plants, pictures of different patterns of carved wood and food products packaged in a small scale, in addition to manufacturing footwear and mosaics, among others.
historical architectural monuments [edit ]
highlights the Palacio Municipal double arches, long balcony and simple elegance, with the required portals. One block the convent dating from the seventeenth century, where the image of the Lord Jesus in the Holy Burial, "which is the miraculous image of the region. Highlights the Temple of Santa Maria La Asuncion that boasts of its grandeur and architectural design with a dome 84 m in diameter and 25 m high. Mausoleum attractive to General Rafael Cravioto Pacheco, made of Carrara marble, dating from July of l904. Similarly, some houses at the time of the revolution that still look beautiful ceilings, roofs two and four water with eaves very frilly and attractive balconies.
Costume [edit ]
In several places still use the women black wool skirts woven loom, known as "titixtle" or "entanglement." It is important to know that the dimension of titixtle "depends on the economic possibilities of the family, sometimes measuring up to 5 to 10 m. The folds of the "titixtle" on the belly are the days of the week and every day that passes decreases one. This is complemented by the blanket blouse square neckline and embroidered with figures of flowers or animals in bright colors. The single use on your red dress and married black. To secure the skirts using a wide band of red. The ribbons in the braids are part of the typical colorful and large earrings. Use "quechquemetl" hand embroidered with figures of flowers, rabbits, crosses, frets, turkeys, roosters, etc., Always in bright colors. This garment , besides being one of the oldest, contains a mystical element.
men's clothing is more simple and austere: wear long pants camisole blanket, straw hat, sandals and belt at the waist machete. If so use poncho or cotorina of wool .
municipal Organization [edit ]
The first fraction of Article 115 of the Constitution provides:
each municipality will be administered by a council directly elected authority and not half will be no intermediate authority between this and the state government
.
Municipalities, and township government bodies, are composed of a mayor, aldermen and trustees number providing municipal organic law. The
powers of the officers are: President
- municipal
- : the person holding the position of county executive is elected by direct popular vote. Among its features are: implementing and enforcing the municipal organic law, regulations and resolutions of the council and the council.
- 11 Rulers: These are the people representing the population. Are chosen simultaneously municipal president and trustee . Their number varies depending on the population of the municipality. The aldermen are elected according to proportional representation and its primary function is to monitor the actions that reabusan is for the welfare and improvement of the municipality.
- 1 Trustee: the person representing the legal affairs of the City.
territorial division [edit ]
- Ahuacatlan
- Alseseca
- Ayohuixcuautla
- Cuacuila
- Cuahueyatla
- Cuautlita
- Cuauxinca
- Cuauxicala Huilacapixtla
- Las Colonias in Hidalgo
- Matlaluca
- Mixuca
- Nopala
- Ozomatli
- Papatlatla
- Papatlazolco
- Patoltecoya Acuautla
- San Miguel de las Flores
- Tenango
- Tenohuatlan
- Tepetzintla
- Totolapa Grande
- Sale Xaltepec
- Pahuatlán
- Xilocuautla
- Xopanapa
- ocpaco
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